Mustard family
Cruciferae
Loo-nay’ri-a. Two Eurasian herbs cultivated for the satiny, parchmentlike divisions of their pods, used in dried bouquets.
Description
Leaves usually alternate, ovalish, and stalked. Flowers violet-purple or white, in a showy terminal raceme. Petals 4, long-clawed.
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Waterleaf family
Hydrophyllaceae
Nem-off’i-la. A North American genus comprising 11 species of annual herbs, only a few of garden interest.
Description
Some species are climbing, others are dwarf or trailing plants. All are hairy. Leaves usually much cut, alternate or opposite. Flowers showy, growing at the tips of the branches in clusters. Corolla bell-shaped, blue, white, purple, or spotted. Calyx of 5 spreading sepals alternating with additional leafy growths.
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Borage family
Boraginaceae
Sir-rin’the. A small group of Eurasian herbs, one an annual flower garden plant cultivated for its showy bloom.
Description
Leaves alternate, often red or white-spotted. Flowers in 1-sided clusters, yellow, borne among numerous purple bracts. Corolla nearly regular, tubular.
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Mallow family
Malvaceae
Mal’va. Mallow . About 30 species of widely distributed herbs, several grown for ornament, but some rather weedy.
Description
Leaves alternate, usually angled, lobed, or dissected. Flowers mostly in the leaf axils, solitary or clustered, most with 2 or 3 involucre-like bracts beneath them. Calyx united, but 5-cleft. Petals 5, with a notch at the tip, mostly pink or white.
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Pink family
Caryophyllaceae
Lick’nis. Catchfly ; Campion . A genus of about 35 herbs, mostly from the north temperate zone and northward, some old garden favorites.
Description
Erect plants, often with sticky hairs. Leaves opposite, stipules absent. Calyx with 5 teeth. Petals 5, with claw at base, limb rounded or sometimes 2-cleft or fringed. Stamens 10.
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Phlox family
Polemoniaceae
Ip-po-mop’sis. Herbs mostly native in w. North America, with one species in Argentina.
Description
Leaves to 2 in. (5 cm) long, dissected into linear segments, on erect stems. Corolla generally tubular; calyx 5-lobed.
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False mermaid family
Limnanthaceae
Lim-nan’theez. A genus of 7 species of w. North American herbs, one of which is cultivated in the flower garden.
Description
Leaves alternate, dissected. Flowers solitary, sepals and petals 3-5 each, usually notched at tip.
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Hemp family
Cannabinaceae
Hew’mew-lus. Three species of rough-stemmed vines, called hops, natives of the north temperate zone.
Description
Leaves opposite, more or less lobed. Male and female flowers green, on separate plants. Male flowers in catkinlike racemes, with a 5-parted calyx, no petals, 5 stamens. Female flowers in pairs beneath large bracts, which at maturity form a conelike body that contains lupulin, used in beer-making.
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Gentian family
Gentianaceae
Sen-tor’ree-um. A genus made up of about 30 herbs, most of them annual or biennial, widely distributed, mostly throughout the northern hemisphere.
Description
Leaves opposite, simple. Flowers pale pink to rose or red, in clusters.
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Carpetweed family
Aizoaceae
Dor-o-thee-an’thus. A small genus of succulent herbs native to South Africa and formerly included in Mesembryanthemum .
Description
Leaves opposite or alternate, forming rosettes. Flowers solitary, petals few to many, calyx 5-lobed.
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Pink family
Caryophyllaceae
Jip-sof’fill-a. A genus of 125 handsome, small-flowered herbs, chiefly Eurasian, known generally as baby’s-breath for the profusion of mostly small flowers.
Description
Leaves small, bluish green, opposite. Joints slightly swollen. Flowers numerous, usually in profuse branched panicles. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, sometimes toothed, usually with a minute claw. Stamens 10.
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Geranium family
Geraniaceae
Ee-ro’di-um. Nearly 60 species of widely distributed herbs, a few grown for ornament, some weedy, a few planted for forage in dry regions, and 2 important as bee plants in Calif. Commonly called stork’s-bill or heron’s-bill.
Description
Leaves generally divided or compound, feather-fashion. Flowers in auxillary umbels; sepals and petals 5 each.
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Mustard family
Cruciferae
Ky-ran’thus. Perhaps a dozen perennial herbs, scattered from Madeira to the Himalayas, one the widely cultivated Wallflower.
Description
Leaves narrow with few marginal teeth. Flowers with 4-clawed petals, yellow or orange-brown, fragrant.
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Borage family
Boraginaceae
Sin-o-gloss’um. A genus of 90 species of widely distributed herbs, most of them weedy.
Description
Leaves alternate, undivided, often rough. Flowers small, often in arching, one-sided racemes. Corolla funnel-shaped, with 5 rounded lobes.
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